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<title>Indian classical dance</title>

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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding:0.2em;background:#FFC569;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Om" title="Om"></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist" style="padding-bottom:0.35em; border:0;">

<ul><li><a href="Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Hindu_synthesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu synthesis">Origins</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"><b>Historical</b>

<ul><li><a href="History_of_Hinduism" title="History of Hinduism">History</a></li>

<li><a href="Religion_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion of the Indus Valley Civilization">Indus Valley Civilisation</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_Vedic_religion" title="Historical Vedic religion">Vedic religion</a></li>

<li><a href="Dravidian_folk_religion" title="Dravidian folk religion">Dravidian folk religion</a></li>

<li><a href="%C5%9Arama%E1%B9%87a" title="Śramaṇa">Śramaṇa</a></li>

<li><a href="Tribal_religions_in_India" title="Tribal religions in India">Tribal religions in India</a></li></ul>

<p><b>Traditional</b>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasa-Purana</a></li>

<li><a href="Epic-Puranic_royal_genealogies" title="Epic-Puranic royal genealogies">Epic-Puranic royal genealogies</a></li>

<li><a href="Epic-Puranic_chronology" title="Epic-Puranic chronology">Epic-Puranic chronology</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Sampradaya" title="Sampradaya">Sampradaya (traditions)</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9">

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Major Sampradaya (traditions)</div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra">Pancharatra</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Kapalika" title="Kapalika">Kapalika</a></li>

<li><a href="Pashupata_Shaivism" title="Pashupata Shaivism">Pashupata</a></li>

<li><a href="Pratyabhijna" title="Pratyabhijna">Pratyabhijña</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></li>

<li><a href="Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartism</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><i><a href="Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Other Sampradaya (traditions)</a></i></div></dt></dl></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Deities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9">

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Brahman" title="Brahman">Absolute Reality / Unifying Force</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li>

<li><a href="Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li>

<li><a href="Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li>

<li><a href="Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li>

<li><a href="Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other major <a href="Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> / <a href="Devi" title="Devi">Devis</a></div></dt></dl>

<dl><dd><i>Vedic Deities:</i></dd></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Tridasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tridasha">Tridasha</a>

<ul><li><a href="Adityas" title="Adityas">Adityas</a></li>

<li><a href="Rudras" title="Rudras">Rudras</a></li>

<li><a href="Vasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasus">Vasus</a></li>

<li><a href="Ashvins" title="Ashvins">Ashvins</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a></li>

<li><a href="Rigvedic_deities" title="Rigvedic deities">Other Vedic Deities</a></li></ul>

<dl><dd><i>Post-Vedic:</i></dd></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Avatar" title="Avatar">Avatar</a></li>

<li><a href="Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a></li>

<li><a href="Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li>

<li><a href="Navadurga" title="Navadurga">Navadurga</a></li>

<li><a href="Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li>

<li><a href="Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li>

<li><a href="Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li>

<li><a href="Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li>

<li><a href="Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li>

<li><a href="Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Devata" title="Devata">Devatas</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Vishvakarma" title="Vishvakarma">Vishvakarma</a></li>

<li><a href="Kubera" title="Kubera">Kubera</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Concepts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9">

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Worldview</div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Hindu_cosmology" title="Hindu cosmology">Cosmology</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Ontology</div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Tattva" title="Tattva">Tattvas</a></li>

<li><a href="Tanmatras" title="Tanmatras">Subtle elements</a></li>

<li><a href="Panchikarana" title="Panchikarana">Panchikarana</a></li>

<li><a href="Pancha_Bhuta" title="Pancha Bhuta">Gross elements</a></li>

<li><a href="Gu%E1%B9%87a" title="Guṇa">Guṇas</a></li>

<li><a href="Purusha" title="Purusha">Purusha</a></li>

<li><a href="Prak%E1%B9%9Bti" class="mw-redirect" title="Prakṛti">Prakṛti</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Para_Brahman" title="Para Brahman">Supreme reality</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a>

<ul><li><a href="Nirguna_brahman" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirguna brahman">Nirguna</a></li>

<li><a href="Saguna_brahman" title="Saguna brahman">Saguna</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Saccid%C4%81nanda" title="Saccidānanda">Saccidānanda</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a></li>

<li><a href="Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> / <a href="Devi" title="Devi">Devi</a></li>

<li><a href="Devata" title="Devata">Devatas</a></li>

<li><a href="God_in_Hinduism" title="God in Hinduism">God in Hinduism</a></li>

<li><a href="God_and_gender_in_Hinduism" title="God and gender in Hinduism">God and gender</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Puru%E1%B9%A3%C4%81rtha" title="Puruṣārtha">Puruṣārtha (meaning of life)</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li>

<li><a href="Artha" title="Artha">Artha</a></li>

<li><a href="Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="%C4%80%C5%9Brama_(stage)" title="Āśrama (stage)">Āśrama (stages of life)</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li>

<li><a href="G%E1%B9%9Bhastha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gṛhastha">Gṛhastha</a></li>

<li><a href="V%C4%81naprastha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vānaprastha">Vānaprastha</a></li>

<li><a href="Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">Sannyasa</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Three_Yogas" title="Three Yogas">Three paths to liberation</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li>

<li><a href="Jnana_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li>

<li><a href="Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Moksha" title="Moksha">Liberation</a></div></dt></dl>

<dl><dd><i>Mokṣa-related topics:</i></dd></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Paramatman" title="Paramatman">Paramātman</a></li>

<li><a href="Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li>

<li><a href="Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra" title="Saṃsāra">Saṃsāra</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">Ātman (self)</a></li>

<li><a href="An%C4%81tman_(Hinduism)" title="Anātman (Hinduism)">Anātman (non-self)</a></li>

<li><a href="Three_bodies_doctrine" title="Three bodies doctrine">Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body)</a></li>

<li><a href="Antahkarana" title="Antahkarana">Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs)</a><br></li>

<li><a href="Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Hinduism)" title="Prajñā (Hinduism)">Prajña (wisdom)</a></li>

<li><a href="%C4%80nanda_(Hindu_philosophy)" title="Ānanda (Hindu philosophy)">Ānanda (happiness)</a></li>

<li><a href="Viveka" title="Viveka">Viveka (discernment)</a></li>

<li><a href="Vairagya" title="Vairagya">Vairagya (dispassion)</a></li>

<li><a href="Samatva" title="Samatva">Sama (equanimity)</a></li>

<li><a href="Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Dama (temperance)</a></li>

<li>Uparati (self-settledness)</li>

<li><a href="Titiksha" title="Titiksha">Titiksha (forbearance)</a></li>

<li><a href="Faith_in_Hinduism" title="Faith in Hinduism">Shraddha (faith)</a></li>

<li>Samadhana (concentration)</li>

<li><a href="Arishadvargas" title="Arishadvargas">Arishadvargas (six enemies)</a></li>

<li><a href="Ahamkara" title="Ahamkara">Ahamkara (attachment)</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Ethics</div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Ethics_in_religion#Hindu_ethics" title="Ethics in religion">Niti śastra</a></li>

<li><a href="Yamas" title="Yamas">Yamas</a></li>

<li><a href="Niyama" title="Niyama">Niyama</a></li>

<li><a href="Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li>

<li><a href="Achourya" title="Achourya">Achourya</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-possession" title="Non-possession">Aparigraha</a></li>

<li><a href="Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li>

<li><a href="Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a></li>

<li><a href="Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Damah</a></li>

<li><a href="Akrodha" title="Akrodha">Akrodha</a></li>

<li><a href="Arjava" title="Arjava">Arjava</a></li>

<li><a href="Santosha" title="Santosha">Santosha</a></li>

<li><a href="Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li>

<li><a href="Sv%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya" title="Svādhyāya">Svādhyāya</a></li>

<li><a href="Shaucha" title="Shaucha">Shaucha</a></li>

<li><a href="Mitahara" title="Mitahara">Mitahara</a></li>

<li><a href="%C5%9A%C4%81stra_pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87am_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Śāstra pramāṇam in Hinduism">Sources of dharma</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Pramana" title="Pramana">Epistemology</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li>Pratyakṣa (perception)</li>

<li><a href="Pramana#Anumāṇa" title="Pramana">Anumāṇa (inference)</a></li>

<li><a href="Upam%C4%81%E1%B9%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Upamāṇa">Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy)</a></li>

<li><a href="Pramana#Arthāpatti" title="Pramana">Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption)</a></li>

<li><a href="Pramana#Anupalabdi" title="Pramana">Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation)</a></li>

<li><a href="Shabda" title="Shabda">Śabda (word, testimony)</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9">

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Worship_in_Hinduism" title="Worship in Hinduism">Worship</a>, sacrifice, and charity</div></dt></dl>

<li><a href="Prayer_in_Hinduism" title="Prayer in Hinduism">Prarthana</a></li>

<li><a href="%C5%9Arauta" title="Śrauta">Śrauta</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Temple</a></li>

<li><a href="Murti" title="Murti">Murti</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajana</a></li>

<li><a href="Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kīrtana</a></li>

<li><a href="Yajna" title="Yajna">Yajna</a></li>

<li><a href="Tarpana" title="Tarpana">Tarpana</a></li>

<li><a href="Vrata" title="Vrata">Vrata</a></li>

<li><a href="Pr%C4%81ya%C5%9Bcitta" title="Prāyaścitta">Prāyaścitta</a></li>

<li><a href="Tirtha_(Hinduism)" title="Tirtha (Hinduism)">Tirtha</a></li>

<li><a href="Yatra" title="Yatra">Yatra</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">Tirthadana</a></li>

<li><a href="Matha" title="Matha">Matha</a></li>

<li><a href="Exorcism_in_Hinduism" title="Exorcism in Hinduism">Exorcism</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Meditation</div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li>

<li><a href="Dhyana_in_Hinduism" title="Dhyana in Hinduism">Dhyana</a></li>

<li>Samādhāna</li>

<li><a href="Nididhy%C4%81sana" title="Nididhyāsana">Nididhyāsana</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Sadhu" title="Sadhu">Sadhu</a></li>

<li><a href="Yogini" title="Yogini">Yogini</a></li>

<li><a href="Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a></li>

<li><a href="S%C4%81dhan%C4%81" title="Sādhanā">Sādhanā</a></li>

<li><a href="Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></li>

<li><a href="Jnana_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li>

<li><a href="Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li>

<li><a href="Kundalini_yoga" title="Kundalini yoga">Kundalini yoga</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a></li>

<li><a href="Kathak" title="Kathak">Kathak</a></li>

<li><a href="Kathakali" title="Kathakali">Kathakali</a></li>

<li><a href="Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi">Kuchipudi</a></li>

<li><a href="Manipuri_dance" title="Manipuri dance">Manipuri</a></li>

<li><a href="Mohiniyattam" title="Mohiniyattam">Mohiniyattam</a></li>

<li><a href="Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a></li>

<li><a href="Sattriya" title="Sattriya">Sattriya</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhagavata_Mela" title="Bhagavata Mela">Bhagavata Mela</a></li>

<li><a href="Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a></li>

<li><a href="Dandiya_Raas" title="Dandiya Raas">Dandiya Raas</a></li>

<li><a href="Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic music</a></li>

<li><a href="Pandav_Lila" title="Pandav Lila">Pandav Lila</a></li>

<li><a href="Kalaripayattu" title="Kalaripayattu">Kalaripayattu</a></li>

<li><a href="Silambam" title="Silambam">Silambam</a></li>

<li><a href="Adimurai" title="Adimurai">Adimurai</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Samskara_(rite_of_passage)" title="Samskara (rite of passage)">Rites of passage</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Garbhadhana" title="Garbhadhana">Garbhadhana</a></li>

<li><a href="Pumsavana" title="Pumsavana">Pumsavana</a></li>

<li><a href="Pumsavana_Simantonayana" title="Pumsavana Simantonayana">Pumsavana Simantonayana</a></li>

<li><a href="Simantonnayana" title="Simantonnayana">Simantonnayana</a></li>

<li><a href="Jatakarma" title="Jatakarma">Jatakarma</a></li>

<li><a href="N%C4%81makara%E1%B9%87a" title="Nāmakaraṇa">Nāmakaraṇa</a></li>

<li><a href="Nishkramana" title="Nishkramana">Nishkramana</a></li>

<li><a href="Annaprashana" title="Annaprashana">Annaprashana</a></li>

<li><a href="Chudakarana" class="mw-redirect" title="Chudakarana">Chudakarana</a></li>

<li><a href="Karnavedha" title="Karnavedha">Karnavedha</a></li>

<li><a href="Vidy%C4%81ra%E1%B9%83bha%E1%B9%83" title="Vidyāraṃbhaṃ">Vidyāraṃbhaṃ</a></li>

<li><a href="Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Upanayana</a></li>

<li><a href="Keshanta" title="Keshanta">Keshanta</a></li>

<li><a href="Ritu_Kala_Samskaram" title="Ritu Kala Samskaram">Ritushuddhi</a></li>

<li><a href="Samavartanam" title="Samavartanam">Samavartanam</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindu_wedding" title="Hindu wedding">Vivaha</a></li>

<li><a href="Antyesti" title="Antyesti">Antyesti</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="List_of_Hindu_festivals" title="List of Hindu festivals">Festivals</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li>

<li><a href="Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a></li>

<li><a href="Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a>

<ul><li><a href="Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a></li>

<li><a href="Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlila</a></li>

<li><a href="Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami-Dussehra</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a></li>

<li><a href="Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a></li>

<li><a href="Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Vasant Panchami</a></li>

<li><a href="Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a></li>

<li><a href="Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Janmashtami</a></li>

<li><a href="Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a></li>

<li><a href="Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a></li>

<li><a href="Pongal_(festival)" title="Pongal (festival)">Pongal</a></li>

<li><a href="Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a>

<li><a href="Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a></li>

<li><a href="Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ratha_Yatra_(Puri)" title="Ratha Yatra (Puri)">Ratha Yatra</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Philosophical schools</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9">

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Astika" class="mw-redirect" title="Astika">Six Astika schools</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></li>

<li><a href="Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></li>

<li><a href="M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></li>

<li><a href="Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Svabhavika_Bhedabheda" class="mw-redirect" title="Svabhavika Bhedabheda">Svabhavika Bhedabheda</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a></i></li></ul></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other schools</div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="%C4%80j%C4%ABvika" title="Ājīvika">Ājīvika</a></li>

<li><a href="Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li>

<li><a href="Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></li>

<li><a href="Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="List_of_Hindu_gurus_and_sants" title="List of Hindu gurus and sants">Gurus, Rishi, philosophers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9">

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Ancient_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient India">Ancient</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Saptarshi" title="Saptarshi">Saptarshi</a>

<ul><li><a href="Vashistha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vashistha">Vashistha</a></li>

<li><a href="Kashyapa" title="Kashyapa">Kashyapa</a></li>

<li><a href="Jamadagni" title="Jamadagni">Jamadagni</a></li>

<li><a href="Nyaya_Sutras" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyaya Sutras">Gotama</a></li>

<li><a href="Vishvamitra" title="Vishvamitra">Vishvamitra</a></li>

<li><a href="Bharadwaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharadwaja">Bharadwaja</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Agastya" title="Agastya">Agastya</a></li>

<li><a href="Angiras" title="Angiras">Angiras</a></li>

<li><a href="Aruni" class="mw-redirect" title="Aruni">Aruni</a></li>

<li><a href="Ashtavakra" title="Ashtavakra">Ashtavakra</a></li>

<li><a href="Jaimini" title="Jaimini">Jaimini</a></li>

<li><a href="Kanada_(philosopher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanada (philosopher)">Kanada</a></li>

<li><a href="Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a></li>

<li><a href="Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a></li>

<li><a href="P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini">Pāṇini</a></li>

<li><a href="Prashastapada" title="Prashastapada">Prashastapada</a></li>

<li><a href="Raikva" title="Raikva">Raikva</a></li>

<li><a href="Satyakama_Jabala" class="mw-redirect" title="Satyakama Jabala">Satyakama Jabala</a></li>

<li><a href="Valmiki" title="Valmiki">Valmiki</a></li>

<li><a href="Vyasa" title="Vyasa">Vyasa</a></li>

<li><a href="Yajnavalkya" title="Yajnavalkya">Yajnavalkya</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Medieval_India" title="Medieval India">Medieval</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Abhinavagupta" title="Abhinavagupta">Abhinavagupta</a></li>

<li><a href="Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a></li>

<li><a href="Akka_Mahadevi" title="Akka Mahadevi">Akka Mahadevi</a></li>

<li><a href="Allama_Prabhu" title="Allama Prabhu">Allama Prabhu</a></li>

<li><a href="Alvars" title="Alvars">Alvars</a></li>

<li><a href="Basava" title="Basava">Basava</a></li>

<li><a href="Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya</a></li>

<li><a href="Ramdas_Kathiababa" title="Ramdas Kathiababa">Ramdas Kathiababa</a></li>

<li><a href="Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li>

<li><a href="Changdev" class="mw-redirect" title="Changdev">Chāngadeva</a></li>

<li><a href="Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu Dayal</a></li>

<li><a href="Eknath" title="Eknath">Eknath</a></li>

<li><a href="Gangesha_Upadhyaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangesha Upadhyaya">Gangesha Upadhyaya</a></li>

<li><a href="Gaudapada" title="Gaudapada">Gaudapada</a></li>

<li><a href="Gorakshanath" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorakshanath">Gorakshanatha</a></li>

<li><a href="Haridasa_Thakur" title="Haridasa Thakur">Haridasa Thakur</a></li>

<li><a href="Hith_Harivansh_Mahaprabhu" title="Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu">Harivansh</a></li>

<li><a href="Jagannatha_Dasa_(Odia_poet)" title="Jagannatha Dasa (Odia poet)">Jagannatha Dasa</a></li>

<li><a href="Jayanta_Bhatta" title="Jayanta Bhatta">Jayanta Bhatta</a></li>

<li><a href="Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatīrtha</a></li>

<li><a href="Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a></li>

<li><a href="J%C3%B1%C4%81ne%C5%9Bvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jñāneśvar">Jñāneśvar</a></li>

<li><a href="Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a></li>

<li><a href="Kanaka_Dasa" title="Kanaka Dasa">Kanaka Dasa</a></li>

<li><a href="Kum%C4%81rila_Bha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa" title="Kumārila Bhaṭṭa">Kumārila Bhaṭṭa</a></li>

<li><a href="Madhus%C5%ABdana_Sarasvat%C4%AB" title="Madhusūdana Sarasvatī">Madhusūdana</a></li>

<li><a href="Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhva</a></li>

<li><a href="Matsyendranath" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsyendranath">Matsyendranatha</a></li>

<li><a href="Morya_Gosavi" title="Morya Gosavi">Morya Gosavi</a></li>

<li><a href="Mukundraj" title="Mukundraj">Mukundarāja</a></li>

<li><a href="Namdev" title="Namdev">Namadeva</a></li>

<li><a href="Narahari_Tirtha" title="Narahari Tirtha">Narahari Tirtha</a></li>

<li><a href="Narasimha_Saraswati" title="Narasimha Saraswati">Narasimha Saraswati</a></li>

<li><a href="Nayanars" title="Nayanars">Nayanars</a></li>

<li><a href="Nimbarkacharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimbarkacharya">Nimbarkacharya</a></li>

<li><a href="Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li>

<li><a href="Prabh%C4%81kara" title="Prabhākara">Prabhākara</a></li>

<li><a href="Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li>

<li><a href="Raghavendra_Swami" class="mw-redirect" title="Raghavendra Swami">Raghavendra Swami</a></li>

<li><a href="Raghunatha_Siromani" class="mw-redirect" title="Raghunatha Siromani">Raghunatha Siromani</a></li>

<li><a href="Raghuttama_Tirtha" title="Raghuttama Tirtha">Raghuttama Tirtha</a></li>

<li><a href="Ram_Charan_(guru)" title="Ram Charan (guru)">Ram Charan</a></li>

<li><a href="Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a></li>

<li><a href="Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li>

<li><a href="Ramprasad_Sen" title="Ramprasad Sen">Ramprasad Sen</a></li>

<li><a href="Ravidas" title="Ravidas">Ravidas</a></li>

<li><a href="Rupa_Goswami" title="Rupa Goswami">Rupa Goswami</a></li>

<li><a href="Samarth_Ramdas" title="Samarth Ramdas">Samarth Ramdas</a></li>

<li><a href="Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li>

<li><a href="Satyanatha_Tirtha" title="Satyanatha Tirtha">Satyanatha Tirtha</a></li>

<li><a href="Siddheshwar" title="Siddheshwar">Siddheshwar</a></li>

<li><a href="Sripada_Srivallabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sripada Srivallabha">Sripada Srivallabha</a></li>

<li><a href="Sripadaraja" title="Sripadaraja">Sripadaraja</a></li>

<li><a href="Surdas" title="Surdas">Surdas</a></li>

<li><a href="Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li>

<li><a href="Syama_Sastri" title="Syama Sastri">Śyāma Śastri</a></li>

<li><a href="Tukaram" title="Tukaram">Tukaram</a></li>

<li><a href="Tulsidas" title="Tulsidas">Tulsidas</a></li>

<li><a href="Tyagaraja" title="Tyagaraja">Tyagaraja</a></li>

<li><a href="V%C4%81caspati_Mi%C5%9Bra" class="mw-redirect" title="Vācaspati Miśra">Vācaspati Miśra</a></li>

<li><a href="Vadiraja_Tirtha" title="Vadiraja Tirtha">Vadiraja Tirtha</a></li>

<li><a href="Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a></li>

<li><a href="Thiruvalluvar" title="Thiruvalluvar">Valluvar</a></li>

<li><a href="Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li>

<li><a href="Vidyaranya" title="Vidyaranya">Vidyaranya</a></li>

<li><a href="Vyasaraja" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyasaraja">Vyasaraja</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Modern</div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhaktisiddhanta_Sarasvati" title="Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati">Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhaktivinoda_Thakur" title="Bhaktivinoda Thakur">Bhaktivinoda Thakur</a></li>

<li><a href="Chandrashekarendra_Saraswati" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandrashekarendra Saraswati">Chandrashekarendra Saraswati</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinmayananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinmayananda">Chinmayananda</a></li>

<li><a href="Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li>

<li><a href="Jaggi_Vasudev" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaggi Vasudev">Jaggi Vasudev</a></li>

<li><a href="Krishnananda_Saraswati" title="Krishnananda Saraswati">Krishnananda Saraswati</a></li>

<li><a href="Mahavatar_Babaji" title="Mahavatar Babaji">Mahavatar Babaji</a></li>

<li><a href="Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi" title="Maharishi Mahesh Yogi">Mahesh Yogi</a></li>

<li><a href="Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li>

<li><a href="Nigamananda_Paramahansa" title="Nigamananda Paramahansa">Nigamananda</a></li>

<li><a href="Nisargadatta_Maharaj" title="Nisargadatta Maharaj">Nisargadatta Maharaj</a></li>

<li><a href="A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">Prabhupada</a></li>

<li><a href="Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Radhakrishnan</a></li>

<li><a href="Ramachandra_Dattatrya_Ranade" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade">R. D. Ranade</a></li>

<li><a href="Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></li>

<li><a href="Swami_Rama_Tirtha" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Rama Tirtha">Rama Tirtha</a></li>

<li><a href="Ramana_Maharshi" title="Ramana Maharshi">Ramana Maharshi</a></li>

<li><a href="Ravi_Shankar_(spiritual_leader)" title="Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)">Ravi Shankar</a></li>

<li><a href="Swami_Ramdas" title="Swami Ramdas">Ramdas</a></li>

<li><a href="Swami_Samarth" title="Swami Samarth">Samarth</a></li>

<li><a href="Sathya_Sai_Baba" title="Sathya Sai Baba">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li>

<li><a href="Sai_Baba_of_Shirdi" title="Sai Baba of Shirdi">Shirdi Sai Baba</a></li>

<li><a href="Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Shraddhanand</a></li>

<li><a href="Satyadhyana_Tirtha" title="Satyadhyana Tirtha">Satyadhyana Tirtha</a></li>

<li><a href="Siddharameshwar_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Siddharameshwar Maharaj">Siddharameshwar Maharaj</a></li>

<li><a href="Sivananda_Saraswati" title="Sivananda Saraswati">Sivananda</a></li>

<li><a href="Trailanga" title="Trailanga">Trailanga</a></li>

<li><a href="U._G._Krishnamurti" title="U. G. Krishnamurti">U. G. Krishnamurti</a></li>

<li><a href="Upasni_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Upasni Maharaj">Upasni Maharaj</a></li>

<li><a href="Vethathiri_Maharishi" title="Vethathiri Maharishi">Vethathiri Maharishi</a></li>

<li><a href="Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li>

<li><a href="Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Yogananda</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Texts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9">

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="%C5%9A%C4%81stra_pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87am_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Śāstra pramāṇam in Hinduism">Sources and classification of scripture</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li>

<li><a href="Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li>

<li><a href="%C4%80c%C4%81ra" title="Ācāra">Ācāra</a></li>

<li><a href="Atmatusti" title="Atmatusti">Ātmatuṣṭi</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Scriptures</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_Hindu_texts" title="Timeline of Hindu texts">Timeline of Hindu texts</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><i><a href="Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></i></li></ul>

<dl><dd><i>Divisions</i></dd></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Samhitapatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samhitapatha">Samhita</a></li>

<li><a href="Brahmana" title="Brahmana">Brahmana</a></li>

<li><a href="Aranyaka" title="Aranyaka">Aranyaka</a></li>

<li><a href="Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></div></dt></dl>

<dl><dt><a href="Principal_Upanishads" title="Principal Upanishads">Principal Upanishads</a></dt>

<dl><dd><i>Rigveda:</i></dd></dl>

<ul><li><i><a href="Aitareya_Upanishad" title="Aitareya Upanishad">Aitareya</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Kaushitaki_Upanishad" title="Kaushitaki Upanishad">Kaushitaki</a></i></li></ul>

<dl><dd><i>Yajurveda:</i></dd></dl>

<ul><li><i><a href="Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad">Brihadaranyaka</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Taittiriya_Upanishad" title="Taittiriya Upanishad">Taittiriya</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Katha_Upanishad" title="Katha Upanishad">Katha</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Maitrayaniya_Upanishad" title="Maitrayaniya Upanishad">Maitri</a></i></li></ul>

<dl><dd><i>Samaveda:</i></dd></dl>

<ul><li><i><a href="Chandogya_Upanishad" title="Chandogya Upanishad">Chandogya</a></i></li>

<dl><dd><i>Atharvaveda:</i></dd></dl>

<ul><li><i><a href="Mundaka_Upanishad" title="Mundaka Upanishad">Mundaka</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Mandukya_Upanishad" title="Mandukya Upanishad">Mandukya</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Prashna_Upanishad" title="Prashna Upanishad">Prashna</a></i></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Vedangas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedangas">Vedangas</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Shiksha" title="Shiksha">Shiksha</a></li>

<li><a href="Vedic_metre" title="Vedic metre">Chandas</a></li>

<li><a href="Vy%C4%81kara%E1%B9%87a" title="Vyākaraṇa">Vyākaraṇa</a></li>

<li><a href="Nirukta" title="Nirukta">Nirukta</a></li>

<li><a href="Kalpa_(Vedanga)" title="Kalpa (Vedanga)">Kalpa</a></li>

<li><a href="Jyotisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyotisha">Jyotisha</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="List_of_Hindu_scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hindu scriptures">Other scriptures</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><i><a href="Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)"><i>Agama</i>s (Hinduism)</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasas</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><i><a href="Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><i><a href="Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Vishnu Purana</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata Purana</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Devi_Bhagavata_Purana" title="Devi Bhagavata Purana">Devi Bhagavata Purana</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Naradiya_Purana" title="Naradiya Purana">Naradiya Purana</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Vamana_Purana" title="Vamana Purana">Vāmana Purana</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Matsya_Purana" title="Matsya Purana">Matsya Purana</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Garuda_Purana" title="Garuda Purana">Garuda Purana</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Brahma_Purana" title="Brahma Purana">Brahma Purana</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Brahmanda_Purana" title="Brahmanda Purana">Brahmanda Purana</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Brahma_Vaivarta_Purana" title="Brahma Vaivarta Purana">Brahma Vaivarta Purana</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Bhavishya_Purana" title="Bhavishya Purana">Bhavishya Purana</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Padma_Purana" title="Padma Purana">Padma Purana</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Agni_Purana" title="Agni Purana">Agni Purana</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Shiva_Purana" title="Shiva Purana">Shiva Purana</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Linga_Purana" title="Linga Purana">Linga Purana</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Kurma_Purana" title="Kurma Purana">Kūrma Purana</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Skanda_Purana" title="Skanda Purana">Skanda Purana</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Varaha_Purana" title="Varaha Purana">Varaha Purana</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Markandeya_Purana" title="Markandeya Purana">Markandeya Purana</a></i></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Vedas#Upaveda" title="Vedas">Upavedas</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><i><a href="Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Dhanurveda" title="Dhanurveda">Dhanurveda</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Gandharvaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandharvaveda">Gandharvaveda</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Sthapatyaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sthapatyaveda">Sthapatyaveda</a></i></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Shastra" title="Shastra">Shastras</a>, <a href="Sutra" title="Sutra">sutras</a>, and <a href="Samhita" title="Samhita">samhitas</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><i><a href="Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Dharmaśāstra">Dharma Shastra</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Artha Śastra</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Shilpa_Shastras" title="Shilpa Shastras">Shilpa Shastras</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Kama_Sutra" title="Kama Sutra">Kama Sutra</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Brahma_Sutras" title="Brahma Sutras">Brahma Sutras</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Samkhya_Pravachana_Sutra" title="Samkhya Pravachana Sutra">Samkhya Sutras</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Purva_Mimamsa_Sutras" title="Purva Mimamsa Sutras">Mimamsa Sutras</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Ny%C4%81ya_S%C5%ABtras" title="Nyāya Sūtras">Nyāya Sūtras</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Vai%C5%9Be%E1%B9%A3ika_S%C5%ABtra" title="Vaiśeṣika Sūtra">Vaiśeṣika Sūtra</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Pramana" title="Pramana">Pramana Sutras</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Charaka_Samhita" title="Charaka Samhita">Charaka Samhita</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Sushruta_Samhita" title="Sushruta Samhita">Sushruta Samhita</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natya Shastra</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Panchatantra" title="Panchatantra">Panchatantra</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Naalayira_Divya_Prabandham" title="Naalayira Divya Prabandham">Naalayira Divya Prabandham</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Ramcharitmanas" title="Ramcharitmanas">Ramcharitmanas</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Yoga_Vasistha" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Shiva_Swarodaya" title="Shiva Swarodaya">Swara yoga</a></i></li>

<li><i>Panchadasi</i></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Stotra" title="Stotra">Stotras</a>, <a href="List_of_suktas_and_stutis" title="List of suktas and stutis">stutis</a> and <a href="Bhashya" title="Bhashya">Bhashya</a> </div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><i><a href="Kanakadhara_Stotra" title="Kanakadhara Stotra">Kanakadhara Stotra</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Shiva_Stuti" title="Shiva Stuti">Shiva Stuti</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Vayu_Stuti" title="Vayu Stuti">Vayu Stuti</a></i></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Tamil_literature" title="Tamil literature">Tamil literature</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><i><a href="Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Naalayira_Divya_Prabandham" title="Naalayira Divya Prabandham">Naalayira Divya Prabandham</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Tirumuruk%C4%81%E1%B9%9F%E1%B9%9Fuppa%E1%B9%ADai" title="Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai">Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Tiruppukal" title="Tiruppukal">Tiruppukal</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Kural" title="Kural">Kural</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Kamba_Ramayanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamba Ramayanam">Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Five_Great_Epics" title="Five Great Epics">Five Great Epics</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Eighteen_Greater_Texts" title="Eighteen Greater Texts">Eighteen Greater Texts</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Eighteen_Lesser_Texts" title="Eighteen Lesser Texts">Eighteen Lesser Texts</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Athichudi" title="Athichudi">Athichudi</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Iraiyanar_Akapporul" title="Iraiyanar Akapporul">Iraiyanar Akapporul</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Abirami_Antati" title="Abirami Antati">Abirami Antati</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Thiruvilaiyadal_Puranam" title="Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam">Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Vinayagar_Agaval" title="Vinayagar Agaval">Vinayagar Agaval</a></i></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed; border-bottom:1px dotted"><a href="List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">Other texts</a></div></dt></dl></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Hindu culture & society</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9">

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Society</div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Varna_(Hinduism)" title="Varna (Hinduism)">Varna</a>

<ul><li><a href="Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a></li>

<li><a href="Kshatriya" title="Kshatriya">Kshatriya</a></li>

<li><a href="Kayastha" title="Kayastha">Kayastha</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaishya" title="Vaishya">Vaishya</a></li>

<li><a href="Shudra" title="Shudra">Shudra</a></li>

<li><a href="Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalit</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Gotra" title="Gotra">Gotra</a></li>

<li><a href="Dvija" title="Dvija">Dvija</a></li>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hindu art</div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Hindu_art" title="Hindu art">Hindu art</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindu_iconography" title="Hindu iconography">Hindu iconography</a></li>

<li><a href="Shilpa_Shastras" title="Shilpa Shastras">Shilpa Shastras</a></li>

<li><a href="Rasa_(aesthetics)" title="Rasa (aesthetics)">Rasa (aesthetics)</a></li>

<li><a href="Indian_aesthetics" title="Indian aesthetics">Indian aesthetics</a></li>

<li><a href="Yantra" title="Yantra">Yantra</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hindu architecture</div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Hindu_architecture" title="Hindu architecture">Hindu architecture</a>

<ul><li><a href="Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Hindu temple architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Vastu_shastra" title="Vastu shastra">Vastu shastra</a></li>

<li><a href="Talamana" title="Talamana">Talamana</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hindu music</div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Hindu_music" title="Hindu music">Hindu music</a>

<ul><li><a href="Shruti_(music)" title="Shruti (music)">Shruti (music)</a></li>

<li><a href="Svara" title="Svara">Svara</a></li>

<li><a href="Alank%C4%81ra" title="Alankāra">Alankāra</a></li>

<li><a href="Tala_(music)" title="Tala (music)">Tala (music)</a></li>

<li><a href="Rasa_(aesthetics)" title="Rasa (aesthetics)">Rasa (aesthetics)</a></li>

<li><a href="Sangita" title="Sangita">Sangita</a></li>

<li><a href="Vadya" title="Vadya">Vadya</a></li>

<li><a href="Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natya Shastra</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Food & diet customs</div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li>

<li><a href="Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Diet in Hinduism</a></li>

<li><a href="Sattvic_diet" title="Sattvic diet">Sattvic diet</a></li>

<li><a href="Mitahara" title="Mitahara">Mitahara</a></li>

<li><a href="Jhatka" title="Jhatka">Jhatka</a></li>

<li><a href="Vrata" title="Vrata">Vrata</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Time keeping practices</div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Hindu_units_of_time" title="Hindu units of time">Hindu units of time</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendar</a></li>

<li><a href="Panchangam" title="Panchangam">Panchangam</a></li>

<li><a href="Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></li>

<li><a href="Shaka_era" title="Shaka era">Shaka era</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hindu pilgrimage</div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Hindu_pilgrimage_sites" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites">Pilgrimage sites</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other society-related topics</div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Discrimination</a>

<ul><li><a href="Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Nationalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Hindu_organisations" title="List of Hindu organisations">Organisations</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Reform movements</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Portal%3AHinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Other topics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9">

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="Hinduism_by_country" title="Hinduism by country">Hinduism by country</a></div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Greater_India" title="Greater India">Greater India</a></li>

<li><a href="Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Balinese Hinduism</a></li>

<li><a href="Caribbean_Shaktism" title="Caribbean Shaktism">Caribbean Shaktism</a></li>

<li>Template:Hindu scriptures and texts</li></ul>

<dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hinduism & other religions</div></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Hinduism_and_Jainism" title="Hinduism and Jainism">Hinduism and Jainism</a> / <a href="Buddhism_and_Hinduism" title="Buddhism and Hinduism">and Buddhism</a> / <a href="Hinduism_and_Sikhism" title="Hinduism and Sikhism">and Sikhism</a> / <a href="Hinduism_and_Judaism" title="Hinduism and Judaism">and Judaism</a> / <a href="Hinduism_and_Christianity" title="Hinduism and Christianity">and Christianity</a> / <a href="Hindu%E2%80%93Islamic_relations" title="Hindu–Islamic relations">and Islam</a></li></ul>

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<p><b>Indian classical dance</b>, or <i><b>Shastriya Nritya</b></i>, is an <a href="Umbrella_term" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbrella term">umbrella term</a> for different regionally-specific Indian classical dance traditions, rooted in predominantly <a href="Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> <a href="Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">musical theatre</a> performance,<sup id="cite_ref-lipner206_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lipner206-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-holmbowker85_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-holmbowker85-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brown2013p195_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2013p195-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the theory and practice of which can be traced to the Sanskrit text <i><a href="Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natya Shastra</a></i>.<b><sup id="cite_ref-lochtefeld467_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lochtefeld467-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199060–68_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199060–68-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-khokar57_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khokar57-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b>

The number of Indian classical dance styles ranges from six to eight to twelve, or more, depending on the source and scholar;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the main organisation for Indian arts preservation, the <a href="Sangeet_Natak_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangeet Natak Academy">Sangeet Natak Academy</a> recognizes eight: <i><a href="Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a></i>, <i><a href="Kathak" title="Kathak">Kathak</a></i>, <i><a href="Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi">Kuchipudi</a></i>, <i><a href="Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a></i>, <i><a href="Kathakali" title="Kathakali">Kathakali</a></i>, <i><a href="Sattriya" title="Sattriya">Sattriya</a></i>, <i><a href="Manipuri_dance" title="Manipuri dance">Manipuri</a></i> and <i><a href="Mohiniyattam" title="Mohiniyattam">Mohiniyattam</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the Indian Ministry of Culture includes <i><a href="Chhau_dance" title="Chhau dance">Chhau</a></i> in its list, recognising nine total styles.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholars such as Drid Williams add <i>Chhau</i>, <i><a href="Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a></i> and <i><a href="Bhagavata_Mela" title="Bhagavata Mela">Bhagavata Mela</a></i> to the list.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200483–84,_the_other_major_classical_Indian_dances_are:_[[Bharatanatyam]],_[[Kathak]],_[[Odissi]],_[[Kathakali]],_[[Kuchipudi]],_[[Sattriya]],_[[Chhau_dance|Chhau]],_[[Manipuri_dance|Manipuri]],_[[Yaksagana]]_and_[[Bhagavata_Mela]]_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200483–84,_the_other_major_classical_Indian_dances_are:_[[Bharatanatyam]],_[[Kathak]],_[[Odissi]],_[[Kathakali]],_[[Kuchipudi]],_[[Sattriya]],_[[Chhau_dance|Chhau]],_[[Manipuri_dance|Manipuri]],_[[Yaksagana]]_and_[[Bhagavata_Mela]]-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brown2013p195_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2013p195-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each dance tradition originates and comes from a different state and/or region of India; for example, Bharatanatyam is from <a href="Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> in the south of India, Odissi is from the east coast state of <a href="Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>, and Manipuri is from the northeastern state of <a href="Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a>. The music associated with these different dance performances consists many compositions in <a href="Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a>, <a href="Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a> (<a href="Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri language">Manipuri</a>), <a href="Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, <a href="Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, <a href="Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a>, <a href="Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>, <a href="Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a>, and many other Indian-Subcontinent languages; they represent a unity of core ideas and a diversity of styles, costumes, and expression.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary">Summary</h2></div>

<p>Indian classical dancing started around 200 BCE in India, as a joyful and celebratory activity, often in devotion to Hindu deities. Many of the performances are choreographed to retell stories of the gods and other historical accounts. All styles of Indian classical dance are vibrant, expressive, and spiritual. Dance performances usually take place at festivals, universities, various cultural events, and more. The dancers who perform these styles are usually professionals who have devoted years of study and practice in their respective style of Indian classical dance. In performances, the dancers move to the beat of the song or music that is playing; in some styles, such as Kathak, bells are worn around the ankles at times for added rhythmic effect when the feet are stomped. The dancer takes the role of the character that they are portraying in the performance, the composition being specific, and become emotionally connected with the story and the audience.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>When dancers perform classical Indian dancing, they wear traditional clothes including <a href="Saree" class="mw-redirect" title="Saree">sarees</a>, <a href="Lehenga" title="Lehenga">lehengas</a>, and <a href="Kurtas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurtas">kurtas</a>. Usually, women are the main performers in Indian classical dancing, though men are not absent from the tradition. The costume for women usually consists of a long, colorful, handmade gown (worn without shoes), with an intricately embroidered pattern(s) and beading on it. For accessories, there is the use of much ornate jewelry, such as necklaces, rings, earrings, nose-rings, bracelets and anklets, sometimes with bells attached which ring each time the dancer stomps their foot in rhythm. The costume also includes a head-piece or some form of scarf, depending on the style. The women usually wear considerable amounts of facial makeup, not only to be noticeable from the audience, but to fully embody their character.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_classical_dances">Types of classical dances</h2></div>

<p>The <i><a href="Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natya Shastra</a></i> is the foundational treatise for classical dances of India,<sup id="cite_ref-lochtefeld467_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lochtefeld467-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BajajVohra2015p6_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BajajVohra2015p6-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and this text is attributed to the ancient scholar <a href="Bharata_Muni" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharata Muni">Bharata Muni</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-khokar57_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khokar57-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its first complete compilation is dated to between 200 BCE and 200 CE,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENatalia_Lidova2014_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENatalia_Lidova2014-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarla_Mehta1995xxiv,_19–20_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETarla_Mehta1995xxiv,_19–20-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but estimates vary between 500 BCE and 500 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWallace_Dace1963249_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallace_Dace1963249-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most studied version of the Natya Shastra text consists of about 6000 verses structured into 36 chapters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENatalia_Lidova2014_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENatalia_Lidova2014-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmmie_Te_Nijenhuis19741–25_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmmie_Te_Nijenhuis19741–25-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The text, states Natalia Lidova, describes the theory of <a href="Tandava" title="Tandava">Tāṇḍava</a> dance (<a href="Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>), the theory of rasa, of bhāva, expression, gestures, acting techniques, basic steps, standing postures – all of which are part of Indian classical dances.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENatalia_Lidova2014_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENatalia_Lidova2014-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapila_Vatsyayan2001_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapila_Vatsyayan2001-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dance and performance arts, states this ancient text, are a form of expression of spiritual ideas, virtues, and the essence of scriptures.<sup id="cite_ref-mog17_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mog17-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

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<p><b>Performance arts and culture</b>

</p>

<p>Let Nātya (drama and dance) be the fifth <a href="Vedas" title="Vedas">vedic scripture</a>.<br>

Combined with an epic story,<br>

tending to virtue, wealth, joy and spiritual freedom,<br>

it must contain the significance of every scripture,<br>

and forward every art.

</p>

</div>

</blockquote>

<div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">— <i>Nātyaśāstra</i> 1.14–15<sup id="cite_ref-mog17_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mog17-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div>

</div>

<p>While the <i>Natya Shastra</i> is the revered ancient text in the Hindu tradition, there are numerous other ancient and medieval Sanskrit dance-drama related texts that further discuss and expand on the classical repertoire of performance arts, such as the <i><a href="Abhinaya_Darpana" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhinaya Darpana">Abhinaya Darpana</a></i>, <i>Abhinava Bharati</i>, <i>Natya Darpana</i>, <i>Bhava Prakasa</i> and many others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarla_Mehta1995xxix,_131–137_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETarla_Mehta1995xxix,_131–137-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199018–37_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199018–37-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "classical" (<a href="Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>: "Shastriya") denotes the ancient Indian Shastra-based performing arts.

</p><p>The text <a href="Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natya Shastra</a> describes religious arts as a form as <i>margi</i>, or a "spiritual traditional path" that liberates the soul, while the folk entertainment is called <i>desi</i>, or a "regional popular practice".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200432_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200432-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067,_context:_60-68_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067,_context:_60-68-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Indian classical dances are traditionally performed as an expressive drama-dance form of religious performance art,<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2013p195_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2013p195-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> related to <a href="Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a>, <a href="Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a>, <a href="Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a>, pan-Hindu Epics and the Vedic literature, or a folksy entertainment that includes story-telling from Sanskrit or regional language plays.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199025–30,_67–68,_166_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199025–30,_67–68,_166-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a religious art, they are either performed inside the sanctum of a Hindu temple, or near it.<sup id="cite_ref-lipner206_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lipner206-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-holmbowker85_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-holmbowker85-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Folksy entertainment may also be performed in temple grounds or any fairground, typically in a rural setting by traveling troupes of artists; alternatively, they have been performed inside the halls of royal courts or public squares during festivals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli19933,_34–36,_47,_171–173,_215,_327–329_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli19933,_34–36,_47,_171–173,_215,_327–329-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>However, this is not the case for Kathak, Manipuri and Chhau as it has their own uniqueness. Kathak can be also performed on <a href="Sahn" title="Sahn">courtyards</a> of mosques and had <a href="Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> elements while Manipuri had the <i><a href="Huyen_langlon" class="mw-redirect" title="Huyen langlon">huyen langlon</a></i> genre which focuses on combat.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like Manipuri, Chhau also had elements on combat.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dance_forms">Dance forms</h2></div>

<p>The Natya Shastra mentions four <i>Pravrittis</i> (traditions, genres) of ancient dance-drama in vogue when it was composed – <i>Avanti</i> (Ujjain, central), <i>Dakshinatya</i> (south), <i><a href="Panchala" title="Panchala">Panchali</a></i> (north, west) and <i>Odra-Magadhi</i> (east).<sup id="cite_ref-kothari6_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kothari6-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Sources differ in their list of Indian classical dance forms.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> mentions six dances.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="Sangeet_Natak_Akademi" title="Sangeet Natak Akademi">Sangeet Natak Akademi</a> has given recognition to eight Indian dances.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Indian government's Ministry of Culture includes nine dance forms.<sup id="cite_ref-moc_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moc-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholars such as Drid Williams and others include <a href="Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a> and <a href="Bhagavata_Mela" title="Bhagavata Mela">Bhagavata Mela</a> to the nine classical Indian dances in the Sangeet Natak Akademi list.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2013p195_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2013p195-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200483–84,_the_other_major_classical_Indian_dances_are:_[[Bharatanatyam]],_[[Kathak]],_[[Odissi]],_[[Kathakali]],_[[Kuchipudi]],_[[Sattriya]],_[[Chhau_dance|Chhau]],_[[Manipuri_dance|Manipuri]],_[[Yaksagana]]_and_[[Bhagavata_Mela]]_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200483–84,_the_other_major_classical_Indian_dances_are:_[[Bharatanatyam]],_[[Kathak]],_[[Odissi]],_[[Kathakali]],_[[Kuchipudi]],_[[Sattriya]],_[[Chhau_dance|Chhau]],_[[Manipuri_dance|Manipuri]],_[[Yaksagana]]_and_[[Bhagavata_Mela]]-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The classical dance forms recognised by the Sangeet Natak Akademi and the Ministry of Culture are:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eight_classical_dances_recognised_by_the_Sangeet_Natak_Academy_and_the_Ministry_of_Culture">Eight classical dances recognised by the Sangeet Natak Academy and the Ministry of Culture</h3></div>

<ul><li><i><a href="Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a></i>, from <a href="Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Kathak" title="Kathak">Kathak</a></i>, from <a href="Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Kathakali" title="Kathakali">Kathakali</a></i>, from <a href="Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi">Kuchipudi</a></i>, from <a href="Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> and <a href="Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Manipuri_dance" title="Manipuri dance">Manipuri</a></i>, from <a href="Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Mohiniyattam" title="Mohiniyattam">Mohiniyattam</a></i>, from <a href="Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><i><a href="Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a></i>, from <a href="Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Sattriya" title="Sattriya">Sattriya</a></i>, from <a href="Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_dances_also_recognised_by_the_Ministry_of_Culture_of_India">Other dances also recognised by the Ministry of Culture of India</h3></div>

<ul><li><i><a href="Chhau_dance" title="Chhau dance">Chhau</a></i>, from <a href="Eastern_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern India">Eastern India</a> (<a href="Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>, <a href="Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a>, and <a href="West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-moc_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moc-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Images">Images</h3></div>

<div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><i><a href="Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a></i></div></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><i><a href="Kathak" title="Kathak">Kathak</a></i></div></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><i><a href="Kathakali" title="Kathakali">Kathakali</a></i></div></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><i><a href="Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi">Kuchipudi</a></i></div></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><i><a href="Manipuri_dance" title="Manipuri dance">Manipuri</a></i></div></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><i><a href="Mohiniyattam" title="Mohiniyattam">Mohiniyattam</a></i></div></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><i><a href="Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a></i></div></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><i><a href="Sattriya" title="Sattriya">Sattriya</a></i></div></div>

</li>

</ul>

<p>Some famous Indian classical dancers are :

</p>

<ul><li><i>Bharatanatyam</i> - <a href="Rukmini_Devi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rukmini Devi">Rukmini Devi</a>, <a href="Padma_Subrahmanyam" title="Padma Subrahmanyam">Padma Subrahmanyam</a>, <a href="Vyjayanthimala" title="Vyjayanthimala">Vyjayanthimala</a>, <a href="Sheema_Kermani" title="Sheema Kermani">Sheema Kermani</a>, <a href="Padmini_(actress)" title="Padmini (actress)">Padmini</a>, Pt. Smt. Swati Daithankar (who was awarded the 'Nritya Alankar' by <a href="Akhil_Bharatiya_Gandharva_Mahavidyalaya_Mandal" title="Akhil Bharatiya Gandharva Mahavidyalaya Mandal">Akhil Bharatiya Gandharva Mahavidyalaya Mandal</a>)</li>

<li><i>Kathak</i> - <a href="Birju_Maharaj" title="Birju Maharaj">Birju Maharaj</a>, <a href="Nahid_Siddiqui" title="Nahid Siddiqui">Nahid Siddiqui</a>, <a href="Lacchu_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacchu Maharaj">Lacchu Maharaj</a>, <a href="Gopi_Krishna_(dancer)" title="Gopi Krishna (dancer)">Gopi Krishna</a>, <a href="Saswati_Sen" title="Saswati Sen">Saswati Sen</a>, <a href="Manjari_Chaturvedi" title="Manjari Chaturvedi">Manjari Chaturvedi</a></li>

<li><i>Kathakali</i> - <a href="Kalamandalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalamandalam">Kalamandalam</a> <a href="Krishnan_Nair" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishnan Nair">Krishnan Nair</a>, <a href="Guru_Kunchu_Kurup" title="Guru Kunchu Kurup">Guru Kunchu Kurup</a>, <a href="Ramankutty_Nair" title="Ramankutty Nair">Ramankutty Nair</a>, <a href="Guru_Gopinath" title="Guru Gopinath">Guru Gopinath</a></li>

<li><i>Kuchipudi</i> - <a href="Mallika_Sarabhai" title="Mallika Sarabhai">Mallika Sarabhai</a>, <a href="V._Satyanarayana_Sarma" title="V. Satyanarayana Sarma">V. Satyanarayana Sarma</a>, Deepa Shashindran,</li>

<li><i>Manipuri</i> - <a href="Guru_Bipin_Singh" title="Guru Bipin Singh">Guru Bipin Singh</a>, <a href="Darshana_Jhaveri" title="Darshana Jhaveri">Darshana Jhaveri</a>, <a href="Manipuri_Raas_Leela" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri Raas Leela">Jhaveri Sisters</a>, <a href="Manipuri_Raas_Leela" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri Raas Leela">Devjani Chaliha</a>, <a href="Amala_Shankar" title="Amala Shankar">Amala Shankar</a></li>

<li><i>Mohiniyattam</i> - <a href="Kalamandalam_Kalyanikutty_Amma" title="Kalamandalam Kalyanikutty Amma">Kalamandalam Kalyanikutty Amma</a>, <a href="Shobhana" class="mw-redirect" title="Shobhana">Shobhana</a>, <a href="Sunanda_Nair" title="Sunanda Nair">Sunanda</a> <a href="Nair" title="Nair">Nair</a>, <a href="Kalamandalam_Radhika" title="Kalamandalam Radhika">Kalamandalam Radhika</a>, <a href="Thankamani" class="mw-redirect" title="Thankamani">Thankamani</a>, <a href="Kalamandalam_Hymavathy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalamandalam Hymavathy">Kalamandalam Hymavathy</a></li>

<li><i>Odissi</i> - <a href="Sujata_Mohapatra" title="Sujata Mohapatra">Sujata Mohapatra</a>, <a href="Madhavi_Mudgal" title="Madhavi Mudgal">Madhavi Mudgal</a>, <a href="Kelucharan_Mohapatra" title="Kelucharan Mohapatra">Kelucharan Mohapatra</a>, <a href="Surendra_Nath_Jena" title="Surendra Nath Jena">Surendra Nath Jena</a>, <a href="Shobana_Sahajananan" title="Shobana Sahajananan">Shobana Sahajananan</a>, <a href="Minati_Mishra" title="Minati Mishra">Minati Mishra</a></li>

<li><i>Sattriya</i> - <a href="Jatin_Goswami" title="Jatin Goswami">Jatin Goswami</a>, <a href="Indira_P._P._Bora" title="Indira P. P. Bora">Indira P. P. Bora</a>, <a href="Ghanakanta_Bora" title="Ghanakanta Bora">Ghanakanta Bora</a>, <a href="Sarodi_Saikia" title="Sarodi Saikia">Sarodi Saikia</a>, <a href="Pushpa_Bhuyan" title="Pushpa Bhuyan">Pushpa Bhuyan</a>,</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shared_aspects">Shared aspects</h2></div>

<p>All major classical Indian dance forms include in repertoire, three categories of performance in the <i>Natya Shastra</i>. These are <i>Nritta</i>, <i>Nritya</i> and <i>Natya</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-meduri1_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meduri1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li>The <i>Nritta</i> performance is an abstract, fast and rhythmic aspect of the dance.<sup id="cite_ref-koskoff955_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-koskoff955-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The viewer is presented with pure movement, wherein the emphasis is the beauty in motion, form, speed, range and pattern.<sup id="cite_ref-meduri1_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meduri1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This part of the repertoire has no interpretative aspect, no telling of the story. It is a technical performance, and aims to engage the senses (Prakriti) of the audience.<sup id="cite_ref-Descutner2010p45_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Descutner2010p45-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>The <i>Nritya</i> is slower and expressive aspect of the dance that attempts to communicate feelings, storyline particularly with spiritual themes in Hindu dance traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-koskoff955_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-koskoff955-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a <i>Nritya</i>, the dance-acting expands to include silent expression of words through gestures and body motion set to musical notes. The actor articulates a legend or a spiritual message. This part of the repertoire is more than sensory enjoyment, it aims to engage the emotions and mind of the viewer.<sup id="cite_ref-meduri1_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meduri1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Descutner2010p45_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Descutner2010p45-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>The <i>Natya</i> is a play, typically a team performance,<sup id="cite_ref-kjayakrishnan25_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kjayakrishnan25-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but can be acted out by a solo performer where the dancer uses certain standardized body movements to indicate a new character in the underlying story. A <i>Natya</i> incorporates the elements of a <i>Nritya</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-meduri1_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meduri1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200433–38,_83–84,_207–214_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200433–38,_83–84,_207–214-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NettlStone1998p516_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NettlStone1998p516-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<p>All classical dances of India used similar symbolism and rules of gestures in <i>abhinaya</i> (acting). The roots of <i>abhinaya</i> are found in the <i><a href="Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natyashastra</a></i> text which defines drama in verse 6.10 as that which aesthetically arouses joy in the spectator, through the medium of actor's art of communication, that helps connect and transport the individual into a super sensual inner state of being.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarla_Mehta19953_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETarla_Mehta19953-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A performance art, asserts <i>Natyashastra</i>, connects the artists and the audience through <i>abhinaya</i> (literally, "carrying to the spectators"), that is applying body-speech-mind and scene, wherein the actors communicate to the audience, through song and music.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarla_Mehta19953_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETarla_Mehta19953-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Drama in this ancient Sanskrit text, this is an art to engage every aspect of life, to glorify and gift a state of joyful consciousness.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarla_Mehta19955_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETarla_Mehta19955-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The communication through symbols is in the form of expressive gestures (mudras or hastas) and pantomime set to music. The gestures and facial expressions convey the <i>ras</i> (sentiment, emotional taste) and <i>bhava</i> (mood) of the underlying story.<sup id="cite_ref-BajajVohra2015p82_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BajajVohra2015p82-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Hindu classical dances, the artist successfully expresses the spiritual ideas by paying attention to four aspects of a performance:

</p>

<ul><li><i>Angika</i> (gestures and body language),</li>

<li><i>Vachika</i> (song, recitation, music and rhythm),</li>

<li><i>Aharya</i> (stage setting, costume, make up, jewelry),</li>

<li><i>Sattvika</i> (artist's mental disposition and emotional connection with the story and audience, wherein the artist's inner and outer state resonates).<sup id="cite_ref-BajajVohra2015p82_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BajajVohra2015p82-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><i>Abhinaya</i> draws out the <i><a href="Bhava" title="Bhava">bhava</a></i> (mood, psychological states).<sup id="cite_ref-BajajVohra2015p82_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BajajVohra2015p82-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:antiquewhite;">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:antiquewhite;;display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em;"><a href="Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">Performing arts</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">

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<li><a href="Yajna" title="Yajna">Yajna</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> excludes Mohiniyattam from the list of the Indian classical dances.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> excludes Sattriya from the list of the Indian classical dances.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFJulius_Lipner2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Julius_J._Lipner" title="Julius J. Lipner">Julius Lipner</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qv3fCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA206"><i>Hindus: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices</i></a>. Routledge. p. 206. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-135-24061-5</bdi>.</cite>, <b>Quote:</b> "It would be appropriate here to comment on Hindu classical dance. This developed in a religious context and was given high profile as part of temple worship. There are several regional and other styles as well as source texts, but the point we wish to stress is the participative nature of such dance. In form and content, the heart of dance as worship in Hinduism has always been 'expression' (abhinaya), i.e. the enacting of various themes".</span>

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<li id="cite_note-holmbowker85-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-holmbowker85_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-holmbowker85_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJean_HolmJohn_Bowker1994" class="citation book cs1">Jean Holm; John Bowker (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s_nUAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA85"><i>Worship</i></a>. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 85. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-85567-111-9</bdi>.</cite>, <b>Quote:</b> Hindu classical dance-forms, like Hindu music, are associated with worship. References to dance and music are found in the Vedic literature, (...)".</span>

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<li id="cite_note-Brown2013p195-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown2013p195_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown2013p195_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown2013p195_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown2013p195_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFrank_Burch_Brown2013" class="citation book cs1">Frank Burch Brown (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X8g8BAAAQBAJ"><i>The Oxford Handbook of Religion and the Arts</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">195–</span>196. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-19-972103-0</bdi>.</cite>, <b>Quote:</b> All of the dances considered to be part of the Indian classical canon (Bharata Natyam, Chhau, Kathak, Kathakali, Kuchipudi, Manipuri, Mohiniattam, Odissi, Sattriya, and Yakshagana) trace their roots to religious practices (...) the Indian diaspora has led to the translocation of Hindu dances to Europe, North America and the world."</span>

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<li id="cite_note-lochtefeld467-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lochtefeld467_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lochtefeld467_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJames_G._Lochtefeld2002" class="citation book cs1">James G. Lochtefeld (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch"><i>The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z</i></a></span>. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/467">467</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-8239-3180-4</bdi>.</cite>, <b>Quote:</b> "the Natyashastra remains the ultimate authority for any dance form that claims to be 'classical' dance, rather than 'folk' dance".</span>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199060–68-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199060–68_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRagini_Devi1990">Ragini Devi 1990</a>, pp. 60–68.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-khokar57-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-khokar57_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-khokar57_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMohan_Khokar1984" class="citation book cs1">Mohan Khokar (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=prjnAAAAMAAJ"><i>Traditions of Indian classical dance</i></a>. Clarion Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">57–</span>58. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780391032750</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/list/6-classical-dances-of-india">"6 Classical Dances of India | Britannica"</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSarwalWalker2015" class="citation journal cs1">Sarwal, Amit; Walker, David (2015). "Staging a Cultural Collaboration: Louise Lightfoot and Ananda Shivaram". <i>Dance Chronicle</i>. <b>38</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">305–</span>335. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01472526.2015.1088286">10.1080/01472526.2015.1088286</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:166744945">166744945</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBishnupriya_DuttUrmimala_Sarkar_Munsi2010" class="citation book cs1">Bishnupriya Dutt; Urmimala Sarkar Munsi (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uNaGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA216"><i>Engendering Performance: Indian Women Performers in Search of an Identity</i></a>. SAGE Publications. p. 216. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-81-321-0612-8</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiaculture.gov.in/dance">"Dance | Ministry of Culture, Government of India"</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200483–84,_the_other_major_classical_Indian_dances_are:_[[Bharatanatyam]],_[[Kathak]],_[[Odissi]],_[[Kathakali]],_[[Kuchipudi]],_[[Sattriya]],_[[Chhau_dance|Chhau]],_[[Manipuri_dance|Manipuri]],_[[Yaksagana]]_and_[[Bhagavata_Mela]]-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200483–84,_the_other_major_classical_Indian_dances_are:_[[Bharatanatyam]],_[[Kathak]],_[[Odissi]],_[[Kathakali]],_[[Kuchipudi]],_[[Sattriya]],_[[Chhau_dance|Chhau]],_[[Manipuri_dance|Manipuri]],_[[Yaksagana]]_and_[[Bhagavata_Mela]]_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200483–84,_the_other_major_classical_Indian_dances_are:_[[Bharatanatyam]],_[[Kathak]],_[[Odissi]],_[[Kathakali]],_[[Kuchipudi]],_[[Sattriya]],_[[Chhau_dance|Chhau]],_[[Manipuri_dance|Manipuri]],_[[Yaksagana]]_and_[[Bhagavata_Mela]]_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2004">Williams 2004</a>, pp. 83–84, the other major classical Indian dances are: <a href="Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a>, <a href="Kathak" title="Kathak">Kathak</a>, <a href="Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a>, <a href="Kathakali" title="Kathakali">Kathakali</a>, <a href="Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi">Kuchipudi</a>, <a href="Sattriya" title="Sattriya">Sattriya</a>, <a href="Chhau_dance" title="Chhau dance">Chhau</a>, <a href="Manipuri_dance" title="Manipuri dance">Manipuri</a>, <a href="Yaksagana" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaksagana">Yaksagana</a> and <a href="Bhagavata_Mela" title="Bhagavata Mela">Bhagavata Mela</a>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aryan Singh A guide To Indias History</span>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aryan Singh A guide to Indias History</span>

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<li id="cite_note-BajajVohra2015p6-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BajajVohra2015p6_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTanvi_BajajSwasti_Shrimali_Vohra2015" class="citation book cs1">Tanvi Bajaj; Swasti Shrimali Vohra (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2MRcCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA6"><i>Performing Arts and Therapeutic Implications</i></a>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">6–</span>7. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-317-32572-7</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSchramm1968" class="citation journal cs1">Schramm, Harold (1968). "Musical Theatre in India". <i>Asian Music</i>. <b>1</b> (1). University of Texas Press: <span class="nowrap">31–</span>40. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F834008">10.2307/834008</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/834008">834008</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCoorlawala1993" class="citation journal cs1">Coorlawala, Uttara Asha (1993). "The Toronto conference on "new directions in Indian dance"". <i>Dance Chronicle</i>. <b>16</b> (3). Routledge: <span class="nowrap">391–</span>396. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01472529308569140">10.1080/01472529308569140</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENatalia_Lidova2014-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENatalia_Lidova2014_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENatalia_Lidova2014_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENatalia_Lidova2014_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNatalia_Lidova2014">Natalia Lidova 2014</a>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETarla_Mehta1995xxiv,_19–20-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarla_Mehta1995xxiv,_19–20_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTarla_Mehta1995">Tarla Mehta 1995</a>, pp. xxiv, 19–20.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallace_Dace1963249-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWallace_Dace1963249_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWallace_Dace1963">Wallace Dace 1963</a>, p. 249.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmmie_Te_Nijenhuis19741–25-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmmie_Te_Nijenhuis19741–25_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEmmie_Te_Nijenhuis1974">Emmie Te Nijenhuis 1974</a>, pp. 1–25.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapila_Vatsyayan2001-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapila_Vatsyayan2001_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKapila_Vatsyayan2001">Kapila Vatsyayan 2001</a>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-mog17-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mog17_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mog17_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCoormaraswamy_and_Duggirala1917" class="citation web cs1">Coormaraswamy and Duggirala (1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924012568535#page/n5/mode/2up">"The Mirror of Gesture"</a>. Harvard University Press. p. 4.</cite>; Also see chapter 36</span>

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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGuy_L._Beck2012" class="citation book cs1">Guy L. Beck (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UzUMCAAAQBAJ"><i>Sonic Liturgy: Ritual and Music in Hindu Tradition</i></a>. University of South Carolina Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">138–</span>139. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-61117-108-2</bdi>. <q><b>Quote:</b> "A summation of the signal importance of the Natyasastra for Hindu religion and culture has been provided by Susan Schwartz, "In short, the Natyasastra is an exhaustive encyclopedic dissertation of the arts, with an emphasis on performing arts as its central feature. It is also full of invocations to deities, acknowledging the divine origins of the arts and the central role of performance arts in achieving divine goals (...)".</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sanskritdocuments.org/all_pdf/natya01.pdf">"Natyashastra"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Sanskrit Documents.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETarla_Mehta1995xxix,_131–137-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarla_Mehta1995xxix,_131–137_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTarla_Mehta1995">Tarla Mehta 1995</a>, pp. xxix, 131–137.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMandakranta_Bose2012" class="citation book cs1">Mandakranta Bose (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JS_pCAAAQBAJ"><i>Movement and Mimesis: The Idea of Dance in the Sanskritic Tradition</i></a>. Springer. pp. <span class="nowrap">13–</span>32, <span class="nowrap">108–</span>112. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-94-011-3594-8</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199018–37-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199018–37_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRagini_Devi1990">Ragini Devi 1990</a>, pp. 18–37.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200432-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200432_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReginald_Massey2004">Reginald Massey 2004</a>, p. 32.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067,_context:_60-68-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199067,_context:_60-68_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRagini_Devi1990">Ragini Devi 1990</a>, pp. 67, context: 60-68.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFThera_Mahanama-sthavira1999" class="citation book cs1">Thera Mahanama-sthavira (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pBxpTwfTx4QC&pg=PA40"><i>Mahavamsa: The Great Chronicle of Sri Lanka</i></a>. Jain Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">40–</span>41. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-89581-906-2</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199025–30,_67–68,_166-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERagini_Devi199025–30,_67–68,_166_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRagini_Devi1990">Ragini Devi 1990</a>, pp. 25–30, 67–68, 166.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli19933,_34–36,_47,_171–173,_215,_327–329-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli19933,_34–36,_47,_171–173,_215,_327–329_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli1993">Farley P. Richmond, Darius L. Swann & Phillip B. Zarrilli 1993</a>, pp. 3, 34–36, 47, 171–173, 215, 327–329.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neontommy.com/news/2014/06/kathak-dance-puts-hinduism-and-islam-same-circle.html">"Kathak Dance Puts Hinduism and Islam in the Same Circle"</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChowdhurie2016" class="citation news cs1">Chowdhurie, Tapati (13 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/gem-of-a-journey/article5530221.ece">"Gem of a journey"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esamskriti.com/essays/pdf/14-dec-manipuri-dance-a-journey.pdf">"Manipuri Dance: A Journey"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>esamskriti.com</i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19790815-manipuri-dance-elbowed-out-by-bharat-natyam-odissi-kathak-822668-2014-02-22">"Manipuri dance elbowed out by Bharat Natyam, Odissi, Kathak"</a>. 22 February 2014.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-kothari6-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kothari6_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSunil_KothariAvinash_Pasricha1990" class="citation book cs1">Sunil Kothari; Avinash Pasricha (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P_0MAQAAMAAJ"><i>Odissi, Indian classical dance art</i></a>. Marg Publications. pp. <span class="nowrap">5–</span>6. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-81-85026-13-8</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090417044206/http://living.oneindia.in/expressions/factual-expressions/indian-classical-dance.html">"Indian Classical Dance"</a>. One India. 2009-04-19. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://living.oneindia.in/expressions/factual-expressions/indian-classical-dance.html">the original</a> on 2009-04-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-11</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNarayan2005" class="citation book cs1">Narayan, Shovana (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vxBq4xq94ZYC"><i>Indian classical dances: "ekam sat vipraah bahudaa vadanti"</i></a>. Shubhi Publications. p. 5. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781845571696</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/150714/dance/25710/Indian-classical-dance?anchor=toc25710">dance (performing arts) : Indian classical dance</a>. Retrieved 03-11-2010.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-:0-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sangeetnatak.gov.in/award-honours/ratna-awards-guidelines">SNA || Awards & Honours</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-moc-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moc_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moc_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiaculture.nic.in/dance">"Dance"</a>. Indiaculture.nic.in<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-27</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indiaculture.nic.in/dance">"Dance | Ministry of Culture, Government of India"</a>. <i>indiaculture.nic.in</i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-meduri1-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-meduri1_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-meduri1_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-meduri1_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-meduri1_46-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMeduri1988" class="citation journal cs1">Meduri, Avanthi (1988). "Bharatha Natyam-What Are You?". <i>Asian Theatre Journal</i>. <b>5</b> (1). University of Hawaii Press: <span class="nowrap">3–</span>4. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1124019">10.2307/1124019</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1124019">1124019</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-koskoff955-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-koskoff955_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-koskoff955_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEllen_Koskoff2008" class="citation book cs1">Ellen Koskoff (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=73MO0eiQD_EC&pg=PA955"><i>The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: The Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia</i></a>. Routledge. p. 955. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-415-99404-0</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Descutner2010p45-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Descutner2010p45_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Descutner2010p45_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJanet_Descutner2010" class="citation book cs1">Janet Descutner (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8tCYjXOtkdgC"><i>Asian Dance</i></a>. Infobase. pp. <span class="nowrap">45–</span>46. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4381-3078-1</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-kjayakrishnan25-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kjayakrishnan25_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kavitha Jayakrishnan (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/handle/10012/6356">Dancing Architecture: the parallel evolution of Bharatanātyam and South Indian Architecture</a>, MA Thesis, Awarded by University of Waterloo, Canada, page 25</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200433–38,_83–84,_207–214-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReginald_Massey200433–38,_83–84,_207–214_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReginald_Massey2004">Reginald Massey 2004</a>, pp. 33–38, 83–84, 207–214.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-NettlStone1998p516-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NettlStone1998p516_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBruno_NettlRuth_M._StoneJames_Porter1998" class="citation book cs1">Bruno Nettl; Ruth M. Stone; James Porter; et al. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC&pg=PA516"><i>The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent</i></a>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">516–</span>521. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-8240-4946-1</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETarla_Mehta19953-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarla_Mehta19953_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarla_Mehta19953_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTarla_Mehta1995">Tarla Mehta 1995</a>, p. 3.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETarla_Mehta19955-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETarla_Mehta19955_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTarla_Mehta1995">Tarla Mehta 1995</a>, p. 5.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-BajajVohra2015p82-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BajajVohra2015p82_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BajajVohra2015p82_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BajajVohra2015p82_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTanvi_BajajSwasti_Shrimali_Vohra2015" class="citation book cs1">Tanvi Bajaj; Swasti Shrimali Vohra (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2MRcCgAAQBAJ"><i>Performing Arts and Therapeutic Implications</i></a>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">82–</span>84. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-317-32572-7</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFAmbrose1984" class="citation book cs1">Ambrose, Kay (1984). <i>Classical Dances and Love of India</i>. Palgrave Macmillan.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFRagini_Devi1990" class="citation book cs1">Ragini Devi (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dancedialectsofi0000ragi"><i>Dance Dialects of India</i></a></span>. Motilal Banarsidass. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-81-208-0674-0</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFNatalia_Lidova2014" class="citation news cs1">Natalia Lidova (2014). "Natyashastra". Oxford University Press. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fobo%2F9780195399318-0071">10.1093/obo/9780195399318-0071</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFNatalia_Lidova1994" class="citation book cs1">Natalia Lidova (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3TKarwqJJP0C"><i>Drama and Ritual of Early Hinduism</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-81-208-1234-5</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2004" class="citation journal cs1">Williams, Drid (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121105/http://jashm.press.illinois.edu/12.3/12-3IntheShadow_Williams78-99.pdf">"In the Shadow of Hollywood Orientalism: Authentic East Indian Dancing"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Visual Anthropology</i>. <b>17</b> (1). Routledge: <span class="nowrap">69–</span>98. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08949460490274013">10.1080/08949460490274013</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29065670">29065670</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jashm.press.illinois.edu/12.3/12-3IntheShadow_Williams78-99.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-08-05</span></span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFTarla_Mehta1995" class="citation book cs1">Tarla Mehta (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l7naMj1UxIkC"><i>Sanskrit Play Production in Ancient India</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-81-208-1057-0</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFReginald_Massey2004" class="citation book cs1">Reginald Massey (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t6MJ8jbHqIwC"><i>India's Dances: Their History, Technique, and Repertoire</i></a>. Abhinav Publications. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-81-7017-434-9</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFEmmie_Te_Nijenhuis1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Emmie_te_Nijenhuis" title="Emmie te Nijenhuis">Emmie Te Nijenhuis</a> (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NrgfAAAAIAAJ"><i>Indian Music: History and Structure</i></a>. BRILL Academic. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>90-04-03978-3</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFKapila_Vatsyayan2001" class="citation book cs1">Kapila Vatsyayan (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zKW1PAAACAAJ"><i>Bharata, the Nāṭyaśāstra</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-81-260-1220-6</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFKapila_Vatsyayan1977" class="citation book cs1">Kapila Vatsyayan (1977). <i>Classical Indian dance in literature and the arts</i>. Sangeet Natak Akademi. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/233639306">233639306</a>.</cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/toc/z2008_2719.pdf">Table of Contents</a></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFKapila_Vatsyayan1974" class="citation book cs1">Kapila Vatsyayan (1974). <i>Indian classical dance</i>. Sangeet Natak Akademi. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2238067">2238067</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFKapila_Vatsyayan2008" class="citation book cs1">Kapila Vatsyayan (2008). <i>Aesthetic theories and forms in Indian tradition</i>. Munshiram Manoharlal. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-8187586357</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/286469807">286469807</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFKapila_Vatsyayan" class="citation book cs1">Kapila Vatsyayan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=58fUibaZdGYC"><i>Dance In Indian Painting</i></a>. Abhinav Publications. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-81-7017-153-9</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWallace_Dace1963" class="citation journal cs1">Wallace Dace (1963). "The Concept of "Rasa" in Sanskrit Dramatic Theory". <i>Educational Theatre Journal</i>. <b>15</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">249–</span>254. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3204783">10.2307/3204783</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3204783">3204783</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFFarley_P._RichmondDarius_L._SwannPhillip_B._Zarrilli1993" class="citation book cs1">Farley P. Richmond; Darius L. Swann; Phillip B. Zarrilli (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OroCOEqkVg4C"><i>Indian Theatre: Traditions of Performance</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-81-208-0981-9</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li>Revealing the Art of Natyasastra by Narayanan Chittoor Namboodiripad <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9788121512183</bdi></li>

<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101204133637/http://www.portal.ap.gov.in/Pages/Dance.aspx">"Andhra Pradesh Portal: Dance"</a>. Andhra Pradesh Government. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portal.ap.gov.in/Pages/Dance.aspx">the original</a> on 2010-12-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-11-03</span></span>.</cite></li>

<li>Aryan Sing (2021) Guide to Indias History New Forest High School</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Classical_dance_genres_of_India" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Classical dance genres of India">Classical dance genres of India</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dance_in_India183" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Dance_in_India183" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Dance_in_India" title="Dance in India">Dance in India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recognised</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a></li>

<li><a href="Kathak" title="Kathak">Kathak</a></li>

<li><a href="Kathakali" title="Kathakali">Kathakali</a></li>

<li><a href="Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi">Kuchipudi</a></li>

<li><a href="Manipuri_dance" title="Manipuri dance">Manipuri</a></li>

<li><a href="Mohiniyattam" title="Mohiniyattam">Mohiniyattam</a></li>

<li><a href="Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a></li>

<li><a href="Sattriya" title="Sattriya">Sattriya</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Andhra_Natyam" title="Andhra Natyam">Andhra Natyam</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhagavata_Mela" title="Bhagavata Mela">Bhagavata Mela</a></li>

<li><a href="Chhau_dance" title="Chhau dance">Chhau</a></li>

<li><a href="Deknni" title="Deknni">Deknni</a></li>

<li><a href="Gaudiya_Nritya" title="Gaudiya Nritya">Gaudiya</a></li>

<li><a href="Gotipua" title="Gotipua">Gotipua</a></li>

<li><a href="Mahari_dance" title="Mahari dance">Mahari</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divine forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lasya" title="Lasya">Lasya</a></li>

<li><a href="Nataraja" title="Nataraja">Nataraja</a></li>

<li><a href="Perini_Sivatandavam" title="Perini Sivatandavam">Perini Sivatandavam</a></li>

<li><a href="Tandava" title="Tandava">Tandava</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_Indian_folk_dances" title="List of Indian folk dances">Folk</a> (<a href="List_of_Indian_folk_dances" title="List of Indian folk dances">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alkap" title="Alkap">Alkap</a></li>

<li><a href="Baagh_Naach" class="mw-redirect" title="Baagh Naach">Baagh Naach</a></li>

<li><a href="Bagurumba" title="Bagurumba">Bagurumba</a></li>

<li><a href="Bardo_Chham" title="Bardo Chham">Bardo Chham</a></li>

<li><a href="Bardwi_Sikhla" title="Bardwi Sikhla">Bardwi Sikhla</a></li>

<li><a href="Bedara_Vesha" title="Bedara Vesha">Bedara Vesha</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhangra_(dance)" title="Bhangra (dance)">Bhangra</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhaona" title="Bhaona">Bhaona</a></li>

<li><a href="Bommalattam" title="Bommalattam">Bommalattam</a></li>

<li><a href="Chakyar_koothu" title="Chakyar koothu">Chakyar koothu</a></li>

<li><a href="Chang_dance" title="Chang dance">Chang</a></li>

<li><a href="Chang_Lo" title="Chang Lo">Chang Lo</a></li>

<li><a href="Cheraw_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheraw dance">Cheraw</a></li>

<li><a href="Chheih_Lam" class="mw-redirect" title="Chheih Lam">Chheih Lam</a></li>

<li><a href="Chholiya" title="Chholiya">Chholiya</a></li>

<li><a href="Corridinho" title="Corridinho">Corridinho</a></li>

<li><a href="Dalkhai" title="Dalkhai">Dalkhai</a></li>

<li><a href="Dandiya_Raas" title="Dandiya Raas">Dandiya Raas</a></li>

<li><a href="Dhalo" title="Dhalo">Dhalo</a></li>

<li><a href="Dhunuchi_Nritya" title="Dhunuchi Nritya">Dhunachi</a></li>

<li><a href="Dollu_Kunitha" title="Dollu Kunitha">Dollu Kunitha</a></li>

<li><a href="Domkach" title="Domkach">Domkach</a></li>

<li><a href="Domni" title="Domni">Domni</a></li>

<li><a href="Duffmuttu" title="Duffmuttu">Duffmuttu</a></li>

<li><a href="Dumhal" title="Dumhal">Dumhal</a></li>

<li><a href="Fugdi" title="Fugdi">Fugdi</a></li>

<li><a href="Garadi" title="Garadi">Garadi</a></li>

<li><a href="Garba_(dance)" title="Garba (dance)">Garba</a></li>

<li><a href="Giddha" title="Giddha">Giddha</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghoomar" title="Ghoomar">Ghoomar</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghumura_dance" title="Ghumura dance">Ghumura</a></li>

<li><a href="Gombhira" title="Gombhira">Gombhira</a></li>

<li><a href="Grida_dance" title="Grida dance">Grida</a></li>

<li><a href="Hojagiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Hojagiri">Hojagiri</a></li>

<li><a href="Hulivesha" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulivesha">Hulivesha</a></li>

<li><a href="Jhijhiya" title="Jhijhiya">Jhijhiya</a></li>

<li><a href="Jhumar" title="Jhumar">Jhumar</a></li>

<li><a href="Jhumair" title="Jhumair">Jhumair</a></li>

<li><a href="Kachchhi_Ghodi_dance" title="Kachchhi Ghodi dance">Kachhi Ghodi</a></li>

<li><a href="Kai_silambattam" title="Kai silambattam">Kai silambattam</a></li>

<li><a href="Kalbelia" title="Kalbelia">Kalbelia</a></li>

<li><a href="Karakattam" title="Karakattam">Karakattam</a></li>

<li><a href="Karma_Naach" title="Karma Naach">Karma</a></li>

<li><a href="Keisabadi" title="Keisabadi">Keisabadi</a></li>

<li><a href="Khual_Lam" title="Khual Lam">Khual Lam</a></li>

<li><a href="Kikkli" title="Kikkli">Kikkli</a></li>

<li><a href="Kolattam" title="Kolattam">Kolattam</a></li>

<li><a href="Koothu" title="Koothu">Koothu</a></li>

<li><a href="Kummi" title="Kummi">Kummi</a></li>

<li><a href="Lavani" title="Lavani">Lavani</a></li>

<li><a href="Lahasua" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahasua">Lahasua</a></li>

<li><a href="Lezim" title="Lezim">Lezim</a></li>

<li><a href="Maach" title="Maach">Maach</a></li>

<li><a href="Malwai_Giddha" title="Malwai Giddha">Malwai Giddha</a></li>

<li><a href="Mardana_Jhumair" class="mw-redirect" title="Mardana Jhumair">Mardana Jhumair</a></li>

<li><a href="Margamkali" title="Margamkali">Margamkali</a></li>

<li><a href="Matki_Dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Matki Dance">Matki</a></li>

<li><a href="Mayilattam" title="Mayilattam">Mayilattam</a></li>

<li><a href="Mussoll" title="Mussoll">Mussoll</a></li>

<li><a href="Nacn%C4%AB" title="Nacnī">Nacnī</a></li>

<li><a href="Oppana" title="Oppana">Oppana</a></li>

<li><a href="Ougri" title="Ougri">Ougri</a></li>

<li><a href="Oyilattam" title="Oyilattam">Oyilattam</a></li>

<li><a href="Paampu_attam" title="Paampu attam">Paampattam</a></li>

<li><a href="Padayani" title="Padayani">Padayani</a></li>

<li><a href="Parai_Attam" class="mw-redirect" title="Parai Attam">Paraiattam</a></li>

<li><a href="Pavri_Nach" title="Pavri Nach">Pavri Nach</a></li>

<li><a href="Phulpati_dance" title="Phulpati dance">Phulpati</a></li>

<li><a href="Poikkaal_Kuthirai_Aattam" title="Poikkaal Kuthirai Aattam">Poikkal Kuthiraiattam</a></li>

<li><a href="Puliyattam" title="Puliyattam">Puliyattam</a></li>

<li><a href="Rasiya" title="Rasiya">Rasiya</a></li>

<li><a href="Raut_Nacha" title="Raut Nacha">Raut Nacha</a></li>

<li><a href="Saang" title="Saang">Saang</a></li>

<li><a href="Singhi_Chham" title="Singhi Chham">Singhi Chham</a></li>

<li><a href="Sword_dance" title="Sword dance">Sword dance</a></li>

<li><a href="Tertali" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertali">Tertali</a></li>

<li><a href="Theyyam" title="Theyyam">Theyyam</a></li>

<li><a href="Thirayattam" title="Thirayattam">Thirayattam</a></li>

<li><a href="Thitambu_Nritham" class="mw-redirect" title="Thitambu Nritham">Thitambu Nritham</a></li>

<li><a href="Tippani" title="Tippani">Tippani</a></li>

<li><a href="Veeragase" title="Veeragase">Veeragase</a></li>

<li><a href="Veeranatyam" title="Veeranatyam">Veeranatyam</a></li>

<li><a href="Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hindi_cinema#Song_and_dance" title="Hindi cinema">Hindi cinema</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindi_dance_music" title="Hindi dance music">Hindi dance songs</a></li>

<li><a href="Nautch" title="Nautch">Nautch</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abhinavabharati" title="Abhinavabharati">Abhinavabharati</a></li>

<li><a href="Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natya Shastra</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dance_forms_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Dance forms of Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li>

<li><a href="Folk_dances_of_Assam" title="Folk dances of Assam">Assam</a></li>

<li><a href="Traditional_dances_of_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Traditional dances of Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li>

<li><a href="Folk_dance_forms_of_Odisha" title="Folk dance forms of Odisha">Odisha</a></li>

<li><a href="Folk_dances_of_Punjab" title="Folk dances of Punjab">Punjab</a></li>

<li><a href="Dance_forms_of_Tamil_Nadu" title="Dance forms of Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li>

<li><a href="Dances_of_Tripura" title="Dances of Tripura">Tripura</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ghungroo" title="Ghungroo">Ghungroo</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_mudras_(dance)" title="List of mudras (dance)">Mudras</a></li>

<li><a href="Silambu" title="Silambu">Silambu</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="15px&#124;link=Aum_Hinduism_14px_topics723" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><div id="15px&#124;link=Aum_Hinduism_14px_topics723" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Aum" title="Aum"></a></span> <a href="Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"></span> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:bold;"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Glossary_of_Hinduism_terms" title="Glossary of Hinduism terms">Glossary</a></li>

<li>Index</li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Hinduism">Timeline</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Glossary_of_Hinduism_terms" title="Glossary of Hinduism terms">Concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li>

<li><a href="Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a></li>

<li><a href="%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">Atman</a></li>

<li><a href="Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li>

<li><a href="Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra" title="Saṃsāra">Saṃsāra</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Puru%E1%B9%A3%C4%81rtha" title="Puruṣārtha">Puruṣārthas</a>

<ul><li><a href="Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li>

<li><a href="Artha" title="Artha">Artha</a></li>

<li><a href="Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li>

<li><a href="Achourya" title="Achourya">Asteya</a></li>

<li><a href="Aparigraha" class="mw-redirect" title="Aparigraha">Aparigraha</a></li>

<li><a href="Brahmacarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmacarya">Brahmacharya</a></li>

<li><a href="Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a></li>

<li><a href="Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Damah</a></li>

<li><a href="Akrodha" title="Akrodha">Akrodha</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Āstika</a>: <a href="Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></li>

<li><a href="Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></li>

<li><a href="M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></li>

<li><a href="Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Sv%C4%81bh%C4%81vika_Bhed%C4%81bheda" class="mw-redirect" title="Svābhāvika Bhedābheda">Svābhāvika Bhedābheda</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Nāstika</a>: <a href="Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Hindu "Om" symbol"></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li>

<li><a href="Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></li>

<li><a href="Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></li>

<li><a href="Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></li>

<li><a href="Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Vedic_chant" title="Vedic chant">Samhita</a></li>

<li><a href="Brahmana" title="Brahmana">Brahmana</a></li>

<li><a href="Aranyaka" title="Aranyaka">Aranyaka</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aitareya_Upanishad" title="Aitareya Upanishad">Aitareya</a></li>

<li><a href="Kaushitaki_Upanishad" title="Kaushitaki Upanishad">Kaushitaki</a></li>

<li><a href="Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad">Brihadaranyaka</a></li>

<li><a href="Taittiriya_Upanishad" title="Taittiriya Upanishad">Taittiriya</a></li>

<li><a href="Katha_Upanishad" title="Katha Upanishad">Katha</a></li>

<li><a href="Maitrayaniya_Upanishad" title="Maitrayaniya Upanishad">Maitrayaniya</a></li>

<li><a href="Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara</a></li>

<li><a href="Chandogya_Upanishad" title="Chandogya Upanishad">Chandogya</a></li>

<li><a href="Mundaka_Upanishad" title="Mundaka Upanishad">Mundaka</a></li>

<li><a href="Mandukya_Upanishad" title="Mandukya Upanishad">Mandukya</a></li>

<li><a href="Prashna_Upanishad" title="Prashna Upanishad">Prashna</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Upaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Upaveda">Upavedas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></li>

<li><a href="Indian_martial_arts" title="Indian martial arts">Dhanurveda</a></li>

<li><a href="Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natyaveda</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Sthapatyaveda</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Vedanga" title="Vedanga">Vedanga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Shiksha" title="Shiksha">Shiksha</a></li>

<li><a href="Sanskrit_prosody" title="Sanskrit prosody">Chandas</a></li>

<li><a href="Vy%C4%81kara%E1%B9%87a" title="Vyākaraṇa">Vyākaraṇa</a></li>

<li><a href="Nirukta" title="Nirukta">Nirukta</a></li>

<li><a href="Kalpa_(Vedanga)" title="Kalpa (Vedanga)">Kalpa</a></li>

<li><a href="Jyotisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyotisha">Jyotisha</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">Other</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></li>

<li><a href="Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)">Agamas</a></li>

<li><a href="Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasas</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></li>

<li><a href="Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></li>

<li><a href="Upanishads#Classification" title="Upanishads">Minor Upanishads</a></li>

<li><a href="Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Arthashastra</a></li>

<li><a href="Nitisara" title="Nitisara">Nitisara</a></li>

<li><a href="Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Dharmaśāstra">Dharmaśāstra</a>

<ul><li><a href="Manusmriti" title="Manusmriti">Manusmriti</a></li>

<li><a href="N%C4%81radasm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Nāradasmṛti">Nāradasmṛti</a></li>

<li><a href="Y%C4%81j%C3%B1avalkya_Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Yājñavalkya Smṛti">Yājñavalkya Smṛti</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutras</a></li>

<li><a href="Stotra" title="Stotra">Stotras</a></li>

<li><a href="Subhashita" title="Subhashita">Subhashita</a></li>

<li><a href="Tantras_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantras (Hinduism)">Tantras</a></li>

<li><a href="Yoga_Vasistha" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras of Patanjali</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Sangam_literature" title="Sangam literature">Sangam literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></li>

<li><a href="Divya_Prabandham" class="mw-redirect" title="Divya Prabandham">Divya Prabandham</a></li>

<li><a href="Tirumuruk%C4%81%E1%B9%9F%E1%B9%9Fuppa%E1%B9%ADai" title="Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai">Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai</a></li>

<li><a href="Thiruppugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruppugal">Thiruppugal</a></li>

<li><a href="Thirukkural" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirukkural">Thirukkural</a></li>

<li><a href="Kamba_Ramayanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamba Ramayanam">Kamba Ramayanam</a></li>

<li><a href="Five_Great_Epics" title="Five Great Epics">Five Great Epics</a></li>

<li><a href="Eighteen_Greater_Texts" title="Eighteen Greater Texts">Eighteen Greater Texts</a></li>

<li><a href="Eighteen_Lesser_Texts" title="Eighteen Lesser Texts">Eighteen Lesser Texts</a></li>

<li><a href="Athichudi" title="Athichudi">Athichudi</a></li>

<li><a href="Iraiyanar_Akapporul" title="Iraiyanar Akapporul">Iraiyanar Akapporul</a></li>

<li><a href="Abhirami_Antati" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhirami Antati">Abhirami Antati</a></li>

<li><a href="Thiruvilaiyadal_Puranam" title="Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam">Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam</a></li>

<li><a href="Vinayagar_Agaval" title="Vinayagar Agaval">Vinayagar Agaval</a></li>

<li><a href="Vedarthasamgraha" title="Vedarthasamgraha">Vedarthasamgraha</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Gods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a>

<ul><li><a href="Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li>

<li><a href="Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li>

<li><a href="Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Dattatreya" title="Dattatreya">Dattatreya</a></li>

<li><a href="Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li>

<li><a href="Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li>

<li><a href="Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a></li>

<li><a href="Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li>

<li><a href="Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li>

<li><a href="Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a></li>

<li><a href="Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Devi" title="Devi">Goddesses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a>

<ul><li><a href="Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li>

<li><a href="Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li>

<li><a href="Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Bhumi_(goddess)" title="Bhumi (goddess)">Bhumi</a></li>

<li><a href="Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li>

<li><a href="Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li>

<li><a href="Matrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrika">Matrika</a></li>

<li><a href="Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li>

<li><a href="Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li>

<li><a href="Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li>

<li><a href="Shashthi" title="Shashthi">Shashthi</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Worship_in_Hinduism" title="Worship in Hinduism">Worship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Temple</a></li>

<li><a href="Murti" title="Murti">Murti</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajan</a></li>

<li><a href="Naivedhya" class="mw-redirect" title="Naivedhya">Naivedhya</a></li>

<li><a href="Yajna" title="Yajna">Yajna</a></li>

<li><a href="Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li>

<li><a href="Dhy%C4%81na_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhyāna in Hinduism">Dhyāna</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">Tirthatana</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Sanskara_(rite_of_passage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskara (rite of passage)">Sanskaras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Garbhadhana" title="Garbhadhana">Garbhadhana</a></li>

<li><a href="Pumsavana" title="Pumsavana">Pumsavana</a></li>

<li><a href="Pumsavana_Simantonayana" title="Pumsavana Simantonayana">Simantonayana</a></li>

<li><a href="Jatakarma" title="Jatakarma">Jatakarma</a></li>

<li><a href="N%C4%81makara%E1%B9%87a" title="Nāmakaraṇa">Namakarana</a></li>

<li><a href="Nishkramana" title="Nishkramana">Nishkramana</a></li>

<li><a href="Annaprashana" title="Annaprashana">Annaprashana</a></li>

<li><a href="Chudakarana" class="mw-redirect" title="Chudakarana">Chudakarana</a></li>

<li><a href="Karnavedha" title="Karnavedha">Karnavedha</a></li>

<li><a href="Vidy%C4%81ra%E1%B9%83bha%E1%B9%83" title="Vidyāraṃbhaṃ">Vidyarambha</a></li>

<li><a href="Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Upanayana</a></li>

<li><a href="Keshanta" title="Keshanta">Keshanta</a></li>

<li><a href="Ritu_Kala_Samskaram" title="Ritu Kala Samskaram">Ritushuddhi</a></li>

<li><a href="Samavartanam" title="Samavartanam">Samavartanam</a></li>

<li><a href="Vivaah" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivaah">Vivaha</a></li>

<li><a href="Antyesti" title="Antyesti">Antyeshti</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Varnashrama</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Varna_(Hinduism)" title="Varna (Hinduism)">Varna</a>

<ul><li><a href="Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a></li>

<li><a href="Kshatriya" title="Kshatriya">Kshatriya</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaishya" title="Vaishya">Vaishya</a></li>

<li><a href="Shudra" title="Shudra">Shudra</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ashrama_(stage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashrama (stage)">Ashrama</a>

<ul><li><a href="Brahmacarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmacarya">Brahmacharya</a></li>

<li><a href="Grihastha" title="Grihastha">Grihastha</a></li>

<li><a href="Vanaprastha" title="Vanaprastha">Vanaprastha</a></li>

<li><a href="Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">Sannyasa</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="List_of_Hindu_festivals" title="List of Hindu festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li>

<li><a href="Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Shivaratri</a></li>

<li><a href="Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a></li>

<li><a href="Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a>

<ul><li><a href="Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a></li>

<li><a href="Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlila</a></li>

<li><a href="Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a></li>

<li><a href="Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a></li>

<li><a href="Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Janmashtami</a></li>

<li><a href="Pongal_(festival)" title="Pongal (festival)">Pongal</a></li>

<li><a href="Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a></li>

<li>New Year

<li><a href="Gudi_Padwa" title="Gudi Padwa">Gudi Padwa</a></li>

<li><a href="Pahela_Baishakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahela Baishakh">Pahela Baishakh</a></li>

<li><a href="Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a></li>

<li><a href="Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></li>

<li><a href="Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a>

<ul><li><a href="Haridwar_Kumbh_Mela" title="Haridwar Kumbh Mela">Haridwar</a></li>

<li><a href="Nashik-Trimbakeshwar_Simhastha" title="Nashik-Trimbakeshwar Simhastha">Nashik</a></li>

<li><a href="Prayag_Kumbh_Mela" title="Prayag Kumbh Mela">Prayag</a></li>

<li><a href="Ujjain_Simhastha" title="Ujjain Simhastha">Ujjain</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Ratha_Yatra_(Puri)" title="Ratha Yatra (Puri)">Ratha Yatra</a></li>

<li><a href="Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Vasant Panchami</a></li>

<li>Others</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sv%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya" title="Svādhyāya">Svādhyāya</a></li>

<li><a href="Namaste" title="Namaste">Namaste</a></li>

<li><a href="Bindi_(decoration)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bindi (decoration)">Bindi</a></li>

<li><a href="Tilaka" title="Tilaka">Tilaka</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="Portal%3AHinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Related</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a>

<ul><li><a href="Hindus#Etymology" title="Hindus">Etymology</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Denominations</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Calendar</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Anti-Hindu sentiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Criticism_of_Hinduism" title="Criticism of Hinduism">Criticism</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Hindu_gurus_and_sants" title="List of Hindu gurus and sants">Hindu gurus and sants</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindu_studies" title="Hindu studies">Hindu studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindu_iconography" title="Hindu iconography">Iconography</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Nationalism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindu_pilgrimage_sites" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites">Pilgrimage sites</a>

<ul><li><a href="Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">India</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hinduism_and_other_religions" title="Hinduism and other religions">Relations with other religions</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_Hinduism" title="Baháʼí Faith and Hinduism">Baháʼí</a></li>

<li><a href="Buddhism_and_Hinduism" title="Buddhism and Hinduism">Buddhism</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindu%E2%80%93Islamic_relations" title="Hindu–Islamic relations">Islam</a></li>

<li><a href="Jainism_and_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jainism and Hinduism">Jainism</a></li>

<li><a href="Hinduism_and_Judaism" title="Hinduism and Judaism">Judaism</a></li>

<li><a href="Hinduism_and_Sikhism" title="Hinduism and Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li>

<li><a href="Hinduism_and_Theosophy" title="Hinduism and Theosophy">Theosophy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_Hinduism_terms" title="Glossary of Hinduism terms">Glossary</a></li>

<li><a href="Hinduism_by_country" title="Hinduism by country">Hinduism by country</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindu_temples" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu temples">Hindu temples</a>

<li><a href="Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Architecture</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:bold;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"></span></span> <a href="Outline_of_Hinduism" title="Outline of Hinduism">Outline</a><br>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Portal%3AHinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Portal</a></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"></span></span> WikiProject</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-04-06" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Indian_classical_dance&oldid=1284217062">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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